Ok,
let me start by saying that I need to do a little "lead into" for this
blog topic - just to make sure that we're all clear on the actual topic -
"Is Evil, evil?" So I ask that each of you do me the courtesy of
reading what I have written here prior to posting your comments.
Several
years ago I heard a speaker while in college speak about the importance
of properly analyzing history. The reason that I remember the core of
his speech was that I found the topic to be interesting and the
questions he raised to be thought provoking; and as most of you know, I
love thought-provoking conversations.... the deeper, the better! To my
"sick" academic mind, a good evening would be to have a bunch of people
sitting around and engaging in a great discussion on "deep" topics.
Anyway, moving on...
The professor was Dr. Demos of
Yale University (btw, one of the most interesting history professors I
ever had) and he was stressing how it is important for students of history, professors of history, research writers,
etc., to learn to analyze history as history. In other words, not give
what they may conceive as clear-cut labels. According to Dr. Demos,
when we do that, we enter into a "wrong way to attempt to understand
history." History, of itself, has no
unambiguously good actors or bad. There are just actors. In fact,
good and evil should not factor in a historical analysis at all.
Properly
done, history must be examined and analyzed from a dispassionate, almost
other-worldly, perspective. Let me give you an example using the Civil War.
Lincoln fought a war to preserve the Union—a union that had been
voluntarily, democratically entered by the various states and subsequent
territories. Take away the repugnant institution of slavery, and the
Confederacy had the better
democratic claim for what they wished to
do, if the critical ideal for a democratic republic is
self-determination. Had Lincoln not been able to wrap his cause of
preserving the Union in the flag of ending slavery, the 600,000 dead would have
been an atrocious cost to pay in order to keep a voluntarily-entered union from
being voluntarily and democratically dissolved.
Stripped of moral judgments, history abounds with irony. Lincoln
had to subvert the democratic will of the Southern state legislatures in order
to preserve democracy. He eventually used the greater evil of
slavery as justification for his fight against Southern democracy, but it
should never be forgotten that he didn’t issue the Emancipation Proclamation
until 1863, well after hostilities had commenced. He pinned his
cause on eliminating slavery only when it appeared his cause of preserving the
Union was in jeopardy. One wonders, what rationale to hold together the
Union would be available, if in the future some state democratically determined
it wished to leave? Considering that even client states like Iraq and
Afghanistan have no choice about their limited participation in the Union, it
would be outlandish to imagine that something would not be contrived if, e.g.,
Texas figured it would be better off going it alone, again. Lincoln was
lucky. He had the abolition of slavery to steel the people’s hearts and
minds to battle against their own people, and in some measure, against their
own ideals. Artfully leveraging slavery to his purposes was part of
Lincoln’s genius. It would take an even more astute politician to conjure
such a compelling purpose today, if one of the several states sought leave to
end its association.
Ok, continuing my example using the Civil War (yes, one of my
favorite period so history to study), let's take a look at the
Confederate General, Robert E. Lee. Lee is perhaps the most
mythologized and romanticized military
leader in American history. His tactical brilliance is routinely
praised,
though there is precious little evidence supporting the view. In fact,
Lee led tactical disaster after disaster, not least Pickett’s charge at
Gettysburg, which as any reasonably astute tactician understands, and
all Lee’s
generals at the time fully well knew, was nothing more or less than
Confederate
suicide. In many ways, Lee was the Union’s best general. History is
always written by the victors, perhaps explaining the enduring myth of
Lee’s tactical brilliance. The victors would not wish to imagine that
Lee’s defeat was anything other than the product of their own valor and
determination
against a formidable foe.
So, are we correct to label something as "evil" simply to justify our
own desire to elevate our own "goodness" or to justify something we
consider (or in history's case - the victor) to be morally good. Could
not one claim that Lincoln was an "evil" man for leading the country
into a war that, as stated earlier, actually went against the very
principals of the Declaration of Independence? If you don't think so,
maybe you should take the time to re-read the Declaration of
Independence, for it clearly stated:
"
...That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men,
deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That
whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is
the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new
Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its
powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their
Safety and Happiness."
Would it not be equally
justified to declare that Robert E. Lee was "evil" for leading the
Confederate states into one disaster after another; only on the belief
that for some reason the South was justified in it's succession?
What
about other characters that we find throughout history? Who is
"evil"? Why are they considered "evil?" How will history look back at
us 100, 500, or a 1000 years from now when they read that we aborted
millions of unborn children (NO!!! THIS IS NOT AN ANTI-ABORTION
MESSAGE!!!...but what if for some reason later on that it's discovered
that a fetus at 1 week old can indeed feel pain...it would probably
change the interpretations that some have about the "justification" of
aborting a fetus...therefore the future may judge us completely
different)? Will we be considered an "evil" people?
Last
but not least - the question must also be asked - is an individuals
actions "evil" or is it the results of a given action that are evil?
Trust
me, the topic is difficult to nail down and granted, the
interpretations are just as varied as the events in history itself. So
here's the blog topic for this week.....
BLOG QUESTION:
Is
Evil, "evil"? Can we effectively and justifiably declare someone or
something in history as being "evil" - if so how or why?
